The real action on expanding access to raw milk, and nutrient-dense foods in general, is increasingly occurring at the local level. I just reported on latest developments in the Maine “food sovereignty” laws in an article for Grist.

In this article, Pete Kennedy, head of the Farm-to-Consumer Legal Defense Fund surveys initiatives at the state level, and it turns out there are quite a lot of them, including raw milk as well as food regulation from small producers and even GMO foods. A number haven’t advanced as far as proponents would have preferred, but there’s always next year, and eventually, next year turns into success.

By Pete Kennedy

Pete KennedyA number of raw milk bills have been introduced in the state legislatures this session. The bills furthest along are those in Iowa and New Jersey. In Iowa, House File 394 (HF 394) would legalize the on-farm sale of raw milk and raw milk products from unlicensed dairies was voted out of the House Economic Growth Committee and was scheduled to go to the full House for a vote. Supporters of the bill subsequently determined they did not have the votes for passage and withdrew the bill from the House debate calendar. With the Iowa legislative session being two years, the bill can be put back on the debate calendar next January without having to be either reintroduced or passed through committee again.

In New Jersey, Assembly Bill 743 (A-743) would allow the on-farm sale of raw milk and raw milk products (e.g., yogurt, kefir, butter and cheese) by a licensed dairy. A Senate companion bill (S-2702) has been introduced. A-743 has been voted out of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Committee and is going to the full Assembly for a vote.

No other raw milk bills have been voted out of committee yet. Bills introduced in Minnesota, Texas, and Massachusetts allow for delivery of raw milk, with the Minnesota and Texas bills allowing sale of raw milk at farmers’ markets as well.

Cowshare bills have been introduced in Tennessee and Massachusetts. The Tennessee bill clarifies the existing cowshare statute, stating that independent or partial owner of dairy animals can not only consume milk from that animal but dairy products made from that milk as well. A cowshare bill introduced earlier this year in Wyoming didn’t make it out of committee.

Other states where raw milk bills have been introduced include Oregon which has a bill that would allow the sale of raw milk and raw milk products direct to consumers and retail sale; and Washington, which has a bill legalizing the on-farm sale of raw milk by unlicensed, uninspected micro-dairies. Raw milk legislation will also shortly be introduced in Wisconsin.

In response to growing government power to regulate food, bills exempting non-commercial activities from any regulation have been introduced. In Wyoming, the Traditional Foods Act has been passed into law.

The Traditional Foods Act exempts from regulation not only events such as weddings, funerals, potlucks and charitable dinners but also any food “stored and prepared in a private home or a place other than an establishment…for family and non-paying guests.” The Act defines establishment as “any place…in which foods…are displayed for sale, manufactured, processed, packed, held or stored.” Establishment “does not include a home kitchen where food is prepared and stored for family consumption, or any other place equipped for the preparation,  consumption, and storage of food on the premises by employees or non-paying guests.”

In Utah the Growing of Food Act (House Bill 249) passed the House of Representatives but was defeated in the Senate. The proposed bill affirmed that “the state recognizes the right of an individual, without federal intervention, to grow food for personal use by the individual or a member of the individual’s family, on the individual’s property, without being subject to local, state or federal laws, ordinances or rules if the food:

(a) is legal for human consumption;

(b) is lawfully possessed;

(c) does not pose a health risk;

(d) does not negatively impact the rights of adjoining property owners; and

(e) complies with the food safety requirements of this Title.

The Growing of Food Act also would have prohibited the confiscation of lawfully possessed food “unless the food poses a risk to health; of spreading insect infestation or of spreading agricultural disease.”

In Georgia, Maine and Wyoming, bills legalizing the unregulated sale of food directly from producers to consumers have been introduced. The Georgia Food Freedom Act would bar the prohibition or regulation at the state and local level of “the retail sale or distribution of unprocessed agricultural or farm products grown or raised in this state directly from the producer to the consumer as food for human consumption.” Producers would still be subject to zoning regulations. The term unprocessed is defined in the bill as “agricultural or farm products that have not been shelled, canned, cooked, fermented, distilled, preserved, ground, crushed or slaughtered.”

The Maine bill exempts products of the farm and food prepared in private home kitchens from licensing or inspection if the sale is made directly to an “informed end-consumer” at a farmer’s market, on the farm where produced or at the consumer’s home. The Wyoming bill, which was similar to the Maine legislation, died in committee earlier this year.

With FDA failing to require labeling for genetically engineered foods, legislation has been introduced in Tennessee to fill the void. The Genetically Engineered Food Labeling Act would mandate that food fitting into one of seven categories that is “sold or distributed in or from this state” shall have a label with the words “genetically engineered.” One of the seven categories is “dairy and meat products derived from livestock that have been fed genetically engineered feed or ingredients or derived from livestock that have been treated with genetically engineered hormones or drugs.” Violations would be punishable under the state Consumer Protection Act with fines of up to $1,000 per violation.

Lastly, Representative Glen Bradley has introduced a nullification bill (House Bill 65), entitled the North Carolina Farmers Freedom Protection Act. The bill provides that “All food stuffs or products produced for the purpose of consumption as nutrition, food (fruit, vegetables, meat, and spices), vitamins, or supplements, that are produced in and remain within the borders of the State of North Carolina, to include the producers, the means of production, and the produce, shall fall solely under regulatory authority of the State of North Carolina, and are not subject to federal regulation.

Section 5 of the bill declares that public employees employed at the federal, state, or local levels, “may not within North Carolina enforce the provisions of the federal statutes upon foodstuffs and produce in intrastate commerce.” Violation of this section would be a Class 1A misdemeanor. Under North Carolina law, there is no limit on the fine for a Class 1A misdemeanor; it is up to the judge’s discretion. Section 5 expressly refers to agents of FBI, DHS and FDA as well as Highway Patrol, sheriff’s departments, and municipal and county police departments.

HB 65 has been referred to the House Agriculture Committee. It represents the strongest response to the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act in the state houses this legislative session.

Updates on raw milk and other food legislation will be posted at www.farmtoconsumer.org.